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Volume II of this series compiles the science-based consensus documents of the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2009 to 2014. They contain information for use during the regulatory assessment of food/feed products of modern biotechnology, i.e. developed from transgenic crops. Relevant information includes compositional considerations (nutrients, anti-nutrients, toxicants, allergens), use of the plant species as food/feed, key products and components suggested for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use, and other elements. These documents should be of value to applicants for commercial uses of novel foods and feeds, regulators and risk assessors in national authorities for their comparative approach, as well as the wider scientific community.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with the United States as the lead country, deals with the composition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense). It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on the production and processing of cotton and derived products (fibres, oil, linters, hulls and meal), followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients and anti-nutrients are then detailed for the whole cottonseed and its main products. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with Thailand as lead country and the United States as co-lead, deals with the composition of papaya (Carica papaya). Background is given on papaya production, processing and uses for human and animal consumption, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in papaya fruit, chemical composition of processing by-products, as well as other constituents (anti-nutrients, toxicants and allergens), are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with Canada as the lead country, deals with the composition of low erucic acid rapeseed (canola). It updates and revises the original publication on canola composition issued in 2001. It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on low erucic acid rapeseed history, production, processing and use, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in low erucic acid rapeseed seed and meal, as well as other constituents (anti-nutrients and toxicants, allergens), are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with the United States and South Africa as lead countries, deals with the composition of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on sorghum production, uses and processing, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in sorghum grain, silage and ethanol production by-products, as well as anti-nutrients, are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with the United States as the lead country, deals with the composition of soybean (Glycine max). It updates and revises the original publication on soybean composition issued in 2001. It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on soybean production, uses and processing, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in soybean seed, oil, meal, hulls and forage, as well as other constituents (anti-nutrients and toxicants, other compounds, allergens), are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This chapter was jointly developed by the OECD Working Group on the Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology and the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds, with Canada serving as lead country of an Expert Steering Group. It addresses the issues linked to molecular characterisation in safety assessment of recombinant-DNA plants derived from modern biotechnology. Based on experience from the use of these procedures with advanced technology, it describes the background and purpose of molecular characterisation, the transformation methods, the inserted DNA, the insertion site and expressed material, the inheritance and genetic stability.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with Sweden as the lead country, deals with the composition of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods derived from new varieties. Background is given on oyster mushroom taxonomy, nomenclature and occurrence, cultivation, production, consumption and processing, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in oyster mushroom, as well as other constituents (anti-nutrients, toxicants, allergens), are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use mainly, feed use of oyster mushroom remaining rare.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with Australia as the lead country, deals with the composition of sugarcane (Saccharum ssp. hybrids). It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on sugarcane production, harvesting, processing and uses, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in sugar, sugarcane juice, molasses, bagasse and whole cane, as well as other constituents (allergens, anti-nutrients and toxicants), are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with South Africa as the lead country, deals with the composition of cassava (Manihot esculenta). It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on cassava production and processing for human and animal consumption, industrial uses and ethanol production, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in fresh cassava roots and leaves and in processed products, anti-nutrients, toxicants and allergens are then detailed. The final sections suggest key products and constituents for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.

This document constitutes the second volume of the OECD Series on Novel Food and Feed Safety. It is a compendium collating in a single issue the individual “consensus documents” published by the Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds from 2009 to 2014. The first volume of the series covered the documents issued from 2002 to 2008.

From their first commercialisation in the mid-1990s, genetically engineered crops (also known as transgenic crops) have been increasingly approved for cultivation, and for entering in the composition of foods or feeds, by a number of countries. To date, genetically engineered varieties of over 25 different plant species (including agricultural crops, flowers and trees) have received regulatory approvals in OECD and non-OECD countries from all regions of the world. Up to now, the large majority of plantings remain for soybean, maize, cotton and rapeseed (canola), as outlined in the OECD’s The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agenda. Over the 19-year period from 1996 to 2014, the surface area grown with transgenic crops worldwide has constantly raised, resulting in a significant increase of their harvested commodities used in foods and feeds (often designated as “novel” foods and feeds). This is highlighted in analyses and statistics from several sources which, despite some differences in total estimates, all concur in underlining the general increasing trend in volumes produced, number of countries involved and growth potential.

The OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds (the “Task Force”) was established in 1999, with primary goals to promote international regulatory harmonisation in the risk and safety assessment of biotechnology products among member countries.

This chapter, prepared by the OECD Task Force for the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds with South Africa as lead country and Japan as co-lead, deals with the composition of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas). It contains elements that can be used in a comparative approach as part of a safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from new varieties. Background is given on sweet potato production, processing and uses, followed by appropriate varietal comparators and characteristics screened by breeders. Nutrients in storage roots and leaves of sweet potato, anti-nutrients, toxicants, allergens and other components are then detailed. The final sections suggest key constituents in storage roots and leaves for analysis of new varieties for food use and for feed use.