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Entrepreneurship at a Glance, a product of the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme, presents an original collection of indicators for measuring the state of entrepreneurship, along with key facts and explanations of the policy context. The 2015 edition features a special chapter on the international activities of SMEs.

Bankruptcies in most countries have been trending downwards in recent years, with rates in Canada, Japan, the United States and South Africa significantly below pre-crisis levels.

In 2011 self-employed women earned between 10 and 60% less than men across all countries, but over the period 2006 to 2011 the gap closed significantly in some, more than 10 percentage points in Belgium, Finland, Greece, Iceland, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Explicit barriers to foreign direct investment (FDI) and tariff barriers to trade have decreased since 2008 in most countries. Exceptions are Korea, where tariff barriers increased slightly, and Brazil, where the increase concerned both explicit barriers to FDI and tariff barriers.

In all countries, micro and small firms, i.e. enterprises with less than 10 and between 10 and 50 employees respectively, are responsible for a limited share of total exports even if they represent the majority among all exporting enterprises. The distribution of imports by enterprise size largely reflects export patterns, with large firms accounting for shares of total imports between 50% and 80%.

In all countries between 70% and 95% of all firms are micro-enterprises, i.e. firms with less than ten persons employed. Moreover, among micro-enterprises a very large share consists of non-employer firms, i.e. enterprises with no employees.

In most countries more than half of start-ups fail within the first five years, varying from less than one in five firms in Lithuania to about two-thirds in Sweden.

There are significant variations across countries in the distribution of employment among enterprises of different sizes. In Spain, Portugal and Italy more than 40% of employment is in micro-enterprises (enterprises with less than ten persons employed) and almost 60% in Greece, while in Japan this share is around 13%.

Young enterprises account for between 4 to 12% of total employment in most countries. The contribution of young enterprises to total employment decreased in most countries in 2012 compared to 2008, with the notable exceptions of Latvia where shares almost doubled.

SMEs typically export disproportionally more to neighbouring countries than large firms. Though, SME participation in trade with emerging economies is relevant in many countries, where large shares of SMEs trade with China and India.

High-growth enterprises represent on average a small share of the total enterprise population. Typically, when measured on the basis of employment growth, the share ranges between 2% and 6% for most countries, with higher shares (between 5% and 15%) when measured on a turnover basis.

In 2014, in several Southern European countries, Greece, Spain and Portugal in particular, the perceived capabilities were significantly higher than the perceived opportunities, probably reflecting an unfavourable economic context. On the contrary, in the emerging economies of Brazil and Indonesia, as well as in the United States, -Canada, Norway, Denmark and Mexico, perceived opportunities were relatively high.

Entrepreneurship at a Glance contains a wide range of internationally comparable measures of entrepreneurship designed to inform analysis and policy on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs, reflecting their important contribution to innovation, employment and growth.

Entrepreneurship at a Glance presents key indicators on entrepreneurship. Until recently, most entrepreneurship research relied on ad hoc data compilations developed to support specific projects and virtually no official statistics on the subject existed. The collection of harmonised indicators presented in this publication is the result of the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme (EIP). The programme, started in 2006, was the first attempt to compile and publish international data on entrepreneurship from official government statistical sources. From the outset a key feature in the development of these indicators has been to minimise compilation costs for national statistical offices and also, critically, reporting burdens on business, which is why the programme focuses attention on exploiting existing sources of data instead of developing new business surveys.

The evolution of the death rate of employer enterprises over time tends to follow that of birth rates. Death rates decreased in several countries between 2007 and 2010, reflecting the parallel decline in birth rates, while, like birth rates, they picked-up in more recent years.

The top 100 exporting companies account for a significant share of exports in all countries, ranging from about one-quarter in Italy to over 80% in Luxembourg.

In most countries compensation of employees is the largest part of value added, particularly in SMEs, which tend to be less capital intensive than larger firms.

In OECD countries, SMEs account on average for 60% of total turnover. Enterprises in size classes 10-19 and 20-49 account for the smallest share of turnover, 7% and 11% respectively.

Aggregate data on venture capital provide useful information on trends in the venture capital industry. These data are typically compiled by national or regional Private Equity and Venture Capital Associations, often with the support of commercial data providers. The quality and availability of aggregate data on venture capital have improved considerably in recent years; international comparisons, however, remain complicated because of two main problems.

This publication presents indicators of entrepreneurship collected by the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme (EIP). Started in 2006, the programme develops multiple measures of entrepreneurship and its determinants according to a conceptual framework that distinguishes between the manifestation of entrepreneurship, the factors that influence it, and the impacts of entrepreneurship on the economy. A defining characteristic of the programme is that it does not provide a single composite measure of overall entrepreneurship within an economy. Rather, recognising its multi-faceted nature, the programme revolves around a suite of indicators of entrepreneurial performance that each provide insights into one or more of these facets. Perhaps most importantly is the recognition within the programme that entrepreneurship is not only about start-ups or the numbers of self-employed for example: entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial forces can be found in many existing businesses and understanding the dynamism these actors exert on the economy is as important as understanding the dynamics of start-ups or the self-employed.