Large volumes of hazardous wastes are produced each year, however only a small proportion of them are radioactive. While disposal options for hazardous wastes are generally well established, some types of hazardous waste face issues similar to those for radioactive waste and also require long-term disposal arrangements. The objective of this NEA study is to put the management of radioactive waste into perspective, firstly by contrasting features of radioactive and hazardous wastes, together with their management policies and strategies, and secondly by examining the specific case of the wastes resulting from carbon capture and storage of fossil fuels. The study seeks to give policy makers and interested stakeholders a broad overview of the similarities and differences between radioactive and hazardous wastes and their management strategies.

Foreword
Key  points for policy makers
Executive summary
1. Introduction
-1.1 Background
-1.2 Objectives and scope
-1.3 Exclusion: numerical comparisons of risk
-1.4 Report structure
2. Theme 1 - Radioactive and hazardous wastes in perspective
-2.1 A comparison between radioactive and hazardous wastes and their management strategies
3. Theme 2 - The outlook for wastes arising from coal and from nuclear power generation
-3.1 Waste similarities and differences
-3.2 Climate change considerations
4. Risk, perceived risk and public attitudes
-4.1 Risk and perceived risk
-4.2 Public attitudes to radioactive waste management
5. Concluding discussion and lessons learnt
-5.1 Theme 1 – Similarities and differences in the management of radioactive and hazardous waste
-5.2 Theme 2 – Similarities and differences in the management of wastes that arise from electricity generation from coal and nuclear power
- 5.3 Lessons learned
Appendices
-1. Strategic issues for radioactive waste
-2. Strategic issues for hazardous waste
-3. Case studies: The management of coal ash, CO2 and mercury as wastes
-4. Risk and perceived risk
-5. List of participants
-6. List of abbreviations