Peace processes hold the promise of re-starting non-violent efforts towards creating more equitable, resilient and developed societies. Yet, such processes are politically and psychologically complex, as well as high-risk. Many fail and such failure is harmful, as it reduces confidence and increases cynicism amongst parties to a conflict, citizens and international partners alike. International support can help a peace process to succeed but its nature and quality matter greatly.

“The Missing Piece” identifies seven recommendations to improve the quality of support that states and international organizations provide to peace processes. It does this through a thorough analysis of: the characteristics of today’s violent conflicts, the factors that influence the success and failure of a peace process and  the current strengths & weaknesses of international support.

Acronyms and Abbreviations
Executive Summary
Introduction
Chapter 1. Violent conflict and organised violence today
-1.1. Twenty-first century conflict largely occurs within states
-1.2. The nature of violent conflict today
Chapter 2. What are ingredients for success in a peace process?
-2.1. Context
-2.2. Process
-2.3. Implementation
Chapter 3. Strengths and weaknesses of international support to peace processes
-3.1. Weaknesses in international support to peace processes
-3.2. Strengths in international support to peace processes
Chapter 4. Recommendations to improve international support
-4.1. Who are these recommendations for?
-4.2. Making sure we have the right tools to support peace processes
-4.3. Making sure our tools are put to best use
Chapter 5. From recommendations to action: Country responses
-5.1. Canada
-5.2. Germany
-5.3. Switzerland
-5.4. United States
Glossary
Annex A. Key roles of diplomatic/mediation, development and security actors in different phases of the peace process
Bibliography