Tables: 40
Charts: 65
Electronic format: Acrobat PDF
Description
This review of Portugal's environmental conditions and policies evaluates progress in reducing the pollution burden, improving natural resource management, integrating environmental and economic policies, and strengthening international co-operation. The analyses presented are supported by a broad range of economic and environmental data.
Table of contents:
Conclusions and Recommendations PART I. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 1. Implementing Environmental Policies -1. Evaluation of Performance --Objectives --Institutional and Legal Framework --Environmental Planning and Investment Programming --Regulatory Instruments --Economic Instruments --Other Instruments -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Development of Environmental Institutions --Enforcement of Environmental Regulations --Economic Instruments 2. Air Management -1. Evaluation of Performance --Objectives --Air Management --Integration of Air Pollution Objectives into Sectoral Policies -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Evoluation of National Air Emissions --Improvements in Urban Air Quality --Key Trends in the Transport Sector --Economic Signals: Pricing and Taxation 3. Water Management -1. Evaluation of Performance --Policy Objectives in the 1990s --Trends in the Use of Water Resources --Trends in Water Quality --Trends in Pressures on Water Quality --Achievements in Water Management Planning -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Irrigation Development and its Financing --Improving the Pricing of Water Services --Towards River Basin Management 4. Waste Management -1. Evaluation of Performance --Policy Objectives --Municipal Waste --Industrial Waste --Other Waste --Transboundary Movements of Waste -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Development of Legislation --National Plans --Elimination of Dumping 5. Biodiversity -1. Evaluation of Performance --Policy Objectives in the 1990s --Developing a Framework of Protected Areas --Biodiversity Conservation Outside Protected Areas -2. Focus on Selected Topics --The State of Biodiversity in Portugal --Increasing Incentives for Environmentally Friendly Farming --Towards Sustainable Forest Management PART II. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT 6. Environmental-Economic Integration -1. Evaluation of Performance --Decoupling Environmental Pressures from Economic Growth --Sustainable Development: Institutional Integration --Sustainable Development: Market-Based Integration --Environmental Expenditure -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Economic Context --EU Support Mechanisms --SMEs: Environmental Adjustments Contracts 7. Environmental-Social Integration -1. Evaluation of Peformance --Objectives --Environmental Awareness and Education --Environmental Democracy --Environmental Justice and Distribution --Environmental Employment -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Social Context --Environmental Information and Education: The Experience of IPAMB --Environmental Convergence and Spatial Development 8. Sectoral Integration: Tourism -1. Evaluation of Performance --Policy Objectives of the 1990s --Environmental Pressure from Tourism --Towards Environmentally Friendly Tourism -2. Focus on Selected Topics --State of and Trends in the Tourism Sector --Eco-Tourism: The National Programme for Nature Tourism --Tourism in the Algarve PART III. INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS 9. International Cooperation -1. Evaluation of Performance --Marine Issues --Climate Change --Other Global Issues --Liability and Compensation --Development Aid --Integration in Europe -2. Focus on Selected Topics --Bilateral Cooperation with Spain --Regional Issues: Transboundary Air Pollution Annex IA. Selected Environmental Data Annex IB. Selected Economic Data Annex IC. Selected Social Data Annex IIA. Selected Multinational Agreements (Worldwide) Annex IIB. Selected Multinational Agreements (Regional) Annex III. Chronology of Selected Environmental Events (1990-2001)
