Existing buildings are responsible for over 40% of the world’s total primary energy consumption. An impressive amount of energy could be saved simply by applying energy-efficient technologies. Yet, various market barriers inhibit energy efficiency improvements in existing buildings and result in energy savings that are significantly lower than potentials.  This publication provides illustrations of policies and measures implemented in five IEA member countries and the European Union. Each case includes relevant background and contextual information, as well as a detailed evaluation of each policy according to five pre-defined criteria: relevance, effectiveness, flexibility, clarity and sustainability.  

Acknowledements
Foreword
List of Tables
List of Figures
Executive Summary
Introduction
SECTION I. KEY CONCEPTS
Chapter 1. Energy Efficiency Potential in Existing Residential Buildings by Philippine de T'Serclaes and Nils Devemois
Chapter 2. Market Barriers to More Energy Efficient Buildings by Philippine de T'Serclaes and Nils Devemois
SECTION II. CASE STUDIES
Chapter 3. Japan by Satoru Koizumi
Chapter 4. United States of America by Martin Jakob, Marion Aubourg, Ingrid Barnsley, Sara Moarif and Philippine de T'Serclaes
Chapter 5. The European Union by Wolfgang Eichhammer and Martin Jokob
Chapter 6. France by Martin Jakob, Andrea Honegger-Ott and Marion Augourg
Chapter 7. Germany by Jürgen Reichert and Martin Jakob
Chapter 8. The United Kingdom by Philippine de T'Serclaes and Paul Wade
SECTION III. CONCLUSION
Conclusion by Philippine de T'Serclaes and Nils Devemois
Annex I. Summary Table of US Policies
Annex II. France
Annex III. Germany
Bibliography and Data Sources